Urban-type settlement

Urban-type settlement (Russian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, posyolok gorodskogo tipa; Ukrainian: селище міського типу, selyshche mis'koho typu; abbreviated as п.г.т. in Russian and as с.м.т. in Ukrainian) is an official designation for a certain type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union.

For example, all of the suburban (dacha) settlements are classed as "urban-type settlements". It is one of the results of Soviet urban design, a locality intermediate in character and status between cities (or towns) and rural localities. One of the defining features of an urban-type settlement in the former USSR was economic independence from agriculture.

Contents 1 Soviet Union 1.1 Russian SFSR 1.2 Ukrainian SSR 2 Post-Soviet states 2.1 Belarus 2.2 Kyrgyzstan 2.3 Russia 3 See also 4 References

Soviet Union

In the Soviet Union the criteria of urban-type settlements were set independently by the Soviet Republics. Those criteria, however, only differed very slightly from one republic to another.

Russian SFSR

In the Russian SFSR, urban-type settlements were subdivided into three types:

• Work settlements (рабочие посёлки): localities with factories, mining industry, power stations, construction industry, with population of at least 3,000 and with at least 85% of the population being workers, professionals, and the members of their families;
• Resort settlements (курортные посёлки): localities focusing on resort and health facilities (around beaches, mineral water spas, etc.), with population of at least 2,000, with at least 50% of the average annual population being non-permanent residents;
• Suburban settlements (dacha settlements, дачные посёлки): settlements with a focus on private summer-time and weekend recreation, with no more than 25% of the permanent population being employed in the agricultural sector.

Ukrainian SSR

In 1981, the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic defined an urban-type settlement as follows:

• a locality of not less than 2,000 inhabitants^[1], consisting of at least ⅔ workers or government employees or their families;
• with industrial enterprises, buildings, and a railroad connection;
• localities with educational or research institutions;
• with sanatoria or recreational institutions.

In exceptional cases, even localities of 500 to 2,000 inhabitants could attain urban-type settlement status, if they had economic development potential.

Post-Soviet states

Belarus

According to a 1998 law of Belarus,^[2] there ate three categories of urban-type settlement in the country:

• Urban settlements: with population over 2,000, industrial enterprises and developed residential infrastructure
• Resort settlements: with population of at least 2,000, sanatoriums, resorts or other health recuperation establishments, and developed residential infrastructure
• Worker settlements: with population at least 500, servicing industrial enterprises, construction sites, railroad stations, electric stations, or other industrial objects.

Kyrgyzstan

In accordance with the 2008 Law on Administrative and Territorial Subdivision of Kyrgyzstan,^[3] urban-type settlements are those that comprise economically significant facilities such as industrial plants, railway stations, construction sites, etc., as well as settlements with a recreational potential with population of at least 2,000. In exceptional cases, administrative, economic and cultural centers with a potential of economical development and population growth can be classified as urban-type settlements.

Russia

In modern Russia, the task of setting the criteria of urban-type settlements is delegated to the federal subjects. In most cases, the federal subject's legislative body is responsible for all administrative and territorial changes, including granting and revoking of the urban-type settlement and town status.

See also

• Subdivisions of Russia
• Subdivisions of Ukraine
• Subdivisions of Kyrgyzstan

References